Visit the Singapore Botanic Gardens

When it comes to gardens in Singapore, there’s one that most visitors think of first – the Gardens by the Bay, with its massive treelike structures up to 50 metres high and enormous greenhouses recreating ecosystems from around the world.

The Gardens by the Bay are certainly spectacular and well worth visiting. But although it may be the most popular garden in Singapore, it’s not the most important.

That distinction goes to the Singapore Botanic Gardens, which is so significant, it is the only World Heritage Site in the country.

Founded more than 160 years ago, it originally had a couple of main purposes. One was to do research into plants that could be economical for the colonialists. The other was to create a pleasure garden for them to relax in.

In some ways, not much has changed. Both purposes are still an important part of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, although the research is more scientific than financial, and the boundaries have expanded with so many more things to do than existed at first.

When you visit the Singapore Botanic Gardens, you’ll find an enormous site that is actually quite hard to cover in just one visit (you probably could, but you would get pretty tired). It makes sense to choose some highlights to focus on.

Of course, the National Orchid Garden is the main attraction, but there are lots of other things to do at the Singapore Botanic Gardens that I would recommend.

With the sound of footsteps on the elevated wooden path, I walk through the canopy of a tropical forest.

Amongst a carefully manicured lawn, I stroll amongst the English Garden ideals that were incorporated into the first designs.

Inside old colonial mansions, fascinating exhibitions offer me insights into some of the scientific research that has taken place here for generations.

On and on it goes as I explore deeper into the Singapore Botanic Gardens. More than just a pretty green space, there is a huge amount of exhibitions and attractions here.

Although most first-time visitors to Singapore will find their way to the Gardens by the Bay at some point, only a fraction visit the Botanic Gardens in Singapore and, even then, often it’s only to see the National Orchid Garden.

While it is my quest to see World Heritage Sites that primarily brought me here, I actually think it’s one of the best things to see in Singapore. Full of nature, full of heritage, it will add to your understanding of the city-state.

In fact, there’s almost too much to see in just a few hours, and I end up visiting the Singapore Botanic Gardens twice on the same trip, focusing on a different section each time.

Part of the enjoyment is exploring slowly and following different paths to see where they lead.

In a moment, I’ll share my recommendations for the best things to see at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and a suggest itinerary. But first, for a bit of background, I think it’s worth having a look at the history of the site.

The story of the Singapore Botanic Gardens

The Singapore Botanic Gardens were founded in 1859 by the Agri-Horticultural Society, marking the beginning of a lasting legacy for botanical research and horticultural beauty in Southeast Asia.

The site was selected on the Tanglin estate, where the gardens’ natural rolling landscape provided an ideal setting for ornamental and agricultural plant experimentation.

Its establishment was driven by Sir Stamford Raffles’ earlier vision of making Singapore a hub for botanical and agricultural research in the region. Raffles, who had already founded a short-lived botanical garden at Fort Canning Hill in 1822, is often credited with laying the groundwork for Singapore’s future as a centre for plant research.

Under the early leadership of figures like Lawrence Niven, who was appointed superintendent in the 1860s, the gardens blossomed into a haven for ornamental plants and tropical fruits.

However, the Gardens’ direction shifted dramatically in 1875 when British botanist Henry Nicholas Ridley was appointed director. Ridley revolutionised Southeast Asian agriculture by developing techniques for cultivating and tapping rubber, transforming rubber into a key economic crop that shaped the region’s economy.

His “Ridley’s Method” spread across Malaya and beyond, marking the Botanic Gardens as a critical centre of agricultural innovation.

In 1928, the Gardens were taken over by the Singapore government and became a centre for orchid hybridisation, earning global acclaim.

The Botanic Gardens continued to evolve, and today they stand not only as a public park but as a symbol of Singapore’s botanical and colonial heritage, offering an intersection between historical significance, horticultural excellence, and urban greenery.

Scientific and conservation work

The Singapore Botanic Gardens has long been at the forefront of scientific research and conservation efforts, particularly in the realm of tropical botany.

Since its early days under the directorship of Henry Nicholas Ridley, the Gardens have contributed significantly to the scientific understanding of plants in Southeast Asia. As I’ve already mentioned, the pioneering work on rubber cultivation in the late 19th century transformed the Malayan Peninsula into one of the world’s largest producers of natural rubber.

In modern times, the Gardens have become a leader in plant conservation and biodiversity preservation, particularly in tropical ecosystems. As urbanisation continues to threaten natural habitats, the Gardens have dedicated substantial efforts to preserving endangered plant species.

The establishment of the Singapore Botanic Gardens Seed Bank is one of the flagship conservation projects, serving as a repository for seeds from tropical plants, many of which are rare or threatened in the wild.

By preserving these seeds, the Gardens contribute to global conservation efforts aimed at preventing species extinction.

Orchid hybridisation is another key area of scientific research at the Gardens. The National Orchid Garden is home to thousands of orchid species and hybrids, and its breeding program has gained international recognition.

The Gardens’ research has not only helped conserve native orchid species but also contributed to Singapore’s national identity—orchids are a national symbol, and new hybrids are often named in honour of visiting dignitaries.

Additionally, the Gardens’ focus on education and outreach through its Forest Discovery Centre and various public programs ensures that conservation efforts are understood and appreciated by future generations.

Things to see at the Singapore Botanic Gardens

In a way, there are countless things to do at the Singapore Botanic Gardens because the paths lead in so many different directions and there are always new plants, the beds changing with the seasons.

But as you explore in your own way, there are definitely some highlights that are worth seeing and can be used to navigate through the different sections.

National Orchid Garden

Let’s start with the jewel in the crown – the National Orchid Garden, which houses over 1,000 species and 2,000 hybrids of orchids, reflecting Singapore’s long history of orchid hybridisation and scientific conservation efforts

Inside, you can discover different themed zones, including the iconic Cool House, which mimics a tropical highland forest, showcasing rare and delicate species.

The garden also features the VIP Orchid Garden, where new orchid hybrids are named after global dignitaries including Princess Diana.

While it’s free to visit most of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, there is a fee for the orchid garden, and you can prebook your ticket here.

SPH Walk of Giants

The SPH Walk of Giants is an elevated boardwalk in the Learning Forest, offering a breathtaking experience above the treetops.

Home to towering trees such as the jelutong and other native rainforest species, it emphasises the importance of preserving Singapore’s green heritage.

Walking through the canopy, you get a rare opportunity to observe the intricacies of the rainforest’s upper layers, from epiphytes to birdlife. As well as being quite fun, it highlights the conservation efforts that are protecting the diverse Southeast Asian forest ecosystems.

Gallop Extension

The Gallop Extension, the latest addition to the Singapore Botanic Gardens, expands the natural experience with over eight hectares of land that you can reach by a bridge across the road.

Housing two historic colonial-era houses, the area combines heritage with ecology. At Forest Discovery Centre, you can learn about Singapore’s forest ecosystems and conservation efforts. The Botanical Art Gallery is also really interesting.

The surrounding lush landscapes offer scenic hiking trails, and the Mingxin Foundation Rambler’s Ridge offers panoramic views of the city.

Swan Lake

Swan Lake is one of the oldest ornamental water features in the Singapore Botanic Gardens and offers a serene and peaceful atmosphere for visitors.

Created in 1866, this tranquil spot is named after the graceful swans that glide across the water and the statue of them in the centre.

The lake is surrounded by lush greenery and there are paths around the edge and rotundas to rest. It’s popular for birdwatching, spotting turtles, and photography.

Heritage Museum

The Heritage Museum, housed in Holttum Hall, offers an in-depth look into the Singapore Botanic Gardens’ storied past.

Originally the office and laboratory of renowned botanist Eric Holttum, the museum now showcases the gardens’ contributions to science, botany, and horticulture.

Interactive displays explore the history of orchid hybridisation, the role of the gardens in rubber cultivation, and the broader impact of the gardens on Singapore’s greening efforts.

This small but informative museum is perfect for history lovers and those interested in the intersection of nature, science, and Singapore’s development as a green city.

Bandstand Gazebo

The Bandstand Gazebo is an iconic heritage structure within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, standing since the 1930s. Originally used for musical performances, it now serves as a beloved landmark and popular photography spot, often used for weddings.

Surrounded by sprawling lawns and mature trees, the Bandstand provides a peaceful, nostalgic ambiance that reflects the gardens’ colonial-era charm.

Though it no longer hosts concerts, its historical significance remains a testament to the gardens’ long-standing role as a cultural and social gathering place for both locals and visitors.

Rain Forest

The Rain Forest section of the Singapore Botanic Gardens is a rare remnant of the island’s original tropical rainforest, with over 300 species of plants, some of which are older than the founding of modern Singpore.

You can explore this green oasis via a well-maintained boardwalk, winding through towering trees, lianas, and epiphytes. The path isn’t too long and is definitely worth checking out.

The rainforest also plays an important scientific role, with ongoing conservation and research initiatives to preserve these ancient ecosystems.

Healing Garden

The Healing Garden is an intriguing part of the parklands, full of beds that highlight the medicinal properties of plants.

Organised into thematic sections, it showcases over 400 species used in traditional medicine across different cultures, including Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Western traditions.

Educational and peaceful, the garden shows how plants have been used to treat ailments through the ages, including right up to modern times.

Evolution Garden

The Evolution Garden takes you on a journey through time, illustrating the evolution of plant life over 500 million years.

Beginning with the age of mosses and ferns and leading through to flowering plants, this garden serves as a living museum of botanical history.

With its informative displays, life-like prehistoric landscapes, and fossil-like structures, it showcases how plants have adapted over millennia – making it an engaging and educational experience for all ages.

Seed Bank

The Singapore Botanic Gardens Seed Bank is a state-of-the-art facility dedicated to the conservation of plant biodiversity. By preserving seeds from rare and endangered species, it contributes to global efforts in plant conservation.

You can go inside and see some of the operations through glass windows, or check out the small exhibition with insights into how seeds are stored and studied for future reforestation and conservation efforts.

But there are also guided tours to learn about seed biology, germination, and the vital role seeds play in plant reproduction and species survival. If you’re interested in the scientific work here, this is a great sight.

Ethnobotany Garden

The Ethnobotany Garden highlights the interconnections between plants and human culture, focusing on how different Southeast Asian communities use plants in daily life.

Divided into zones based on themes like food, medicine, and craft, the garden showcases species that have been historically important for their practical applications.

You can learn about traditional uses of plants for building materials, dyes, and spiritual purposes, with the garden emphasising the role of plants not just in nature but in shaping cultures.

Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden

It’s not all science – there’s also plenty of fun to be had here. In particular, the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden is a dedicated space for young visitors to learn about nature through play.

As Asia’s first garden designed specifically for children, it encourages exploration and interaction with the natural world through themed areas like the farm, forest, and stream zones.

Kids can engage with plant life, discover how food grows, and enjoy hands-on activities like tree climbing and water play – a must-visit for families with young children!